آیا می دانید با استفاده از relative clauses چگونه باید اطلاعات اضافی درباره ی کسی یا چیزی داد؟ به این مثال ها توجه نمایید تا استفاده از non-defining relative clauses را بیاموزید.
| relative clauses |
| Example |
Jack, who's retired now, spends a lot of time with his grandchildren. |
We want to see the new Tom Carter film, which was released on Friday. |
My sister, whose dog I'm looking after, is visiting a friend in Australia. |
ضمایر موصولی به ما اطلاعاتی درباره ی فرد یا شی که از آن صحبت شده است، می دهد و لزومی ندارد متوجه شویم که درباره ی چه کسی یا چه چیزی صحبت می شود.
| relative clauses |
| Example |
My grandfather, who's 87, goes swimming every day. |
The house, which was built in 1883, has just been opened to the public. |
The award was given to Sara, whose short story impressed the judges. |
برای شروع با ضمایر موصولی (who، which، whose، when یا where به جز that) از ضمایر یا قیدها استفاده می کنیم و برای جداسازی عبارت از بقیه جمله از کاما استفاده می شود.
استفاده از who، which و whose
می توانیم برای صحبت درباره ی شخصی از who برای صحبت درباره ی شی از which و برای صحبت درباره ی وسیله ای که متعلق به کسی است از which استفاده نماییم.
| whose, who, which |
| Example |
Yesterday I met my new boss, who was very nice. |
The house, which is very big, is also very cold! |
My next-door neighbour, whose children go to school with ours, has just bought a new car. |
After the port there is a row of fisherman's houses, whose lights can be seen from across the bay. |
صحبت درباره ی Places and times
برای صحبت درباره ی مکان و زمان از which همراه با حرف اضافه استفاده می شود، اما بهتر است به جای استفاده از which با حرف اضافه از where یا whenاستفاده کرد.
| places and times |
| Example |
City Park, which we used to go to, has been closed down. |
City Park, where we used to go, has been closed down. |
December, which Christmas is celebrated in, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere. |
December, when Christmas is celebrated, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere. |
نمی توانیم همزمان از which و حرف اضافه و where یا when استفاده کرد
| places and times |
| Example |
Centre Park, which we love, is always really busy on Saturdays. |
February, which is my favourite month, lasts 29 days this year. |