در بخش رایتینگ تافل، در هر قسمت از پاراگرافها، زبان آموزان نیاز دارند که ارتباط بین ایده های مطرح شده در بخش شنیداری را با مباحث ذکر شده در متن، در کنار یکدیگر قراربدهند تا تصویر دقیقی از ارتباط ایده های دو منبع نشان داده شود. با توجه به اینکه در اغلب موارد، آنچه که در متن ذکر می شود در بخش شنیداری نقض می شود، در این مقاله، تعدادی از
مهمترینساختارهای حاکی از تناقض اشاره شده است:
Disagreement Statements
The lecture casts doubt on the passage
The lecture is inharmonious/incongruous with the passage
The lecture departs from the passage
The lecture diverges from the passage
The lecture is at variance with the passage
The lecture and the passage are at loggerheads with each other
The lecture rejects/refutes/repudiates/contradicts/negates/opposes/abjures the passage
در اینجا نمونه ای نیز برای درک بهتر ساختار رایتینگ یکپارچه TOEFL و کاربرد ساختارهای تناقضی آورده شده است:
Both the lecture and the passage discuss the use of antibiotics and its effectiveness. The lecture basically talks about the inefficiency of antibiotics on several grounds casting doubt on the passage which enumerates the virtues of antibiotics in dealing with diseases. The respective disparities will be addressed below:
Firstly, the lecture asserts that antibiotics used to be wonderful drugs but they have lost their efficiency at present. In other words, as soon as we employ antibiotics, new bacteria will evolve which will be resistant to antibiotics. It further exemplifies the high rate of infections in hospitals to bolster the idea of the inefficacy of antibiotics in dealing with diseases. This departs from the passage idea which labels antibiotics as “wonder drugs” and sees them as the medical breakthrough of the 20th century.
Secondly, the lecture avers that bacteria have evolved potent weapons to fight against antibiotics; hence, irrespective of the type of antibiotics we exploit, bacteria would come up with a way to outsmart antibiotics and counteract their effects. This is at variance with the passage idea which states that antibiotics are well equipped with powerful tools to attack bacteria and neutralize their effects without compromising human’s immune system.
Thirdly, the lecture magnifies the inefficacy of antibiotics by reference to the recrudescence of some diseases which were thought to have been exterminated by the use of antibiotics. This is at loggerheads with the passage which accentuates the eradication of some difficult diseases and considerable reduction in death numbers because of the impact of antibiotics.
