آموزش گرامر Present perfect simple and continuous – درس سی و پنجم

آموزش گرامر Present perfect simple and continuous – درس سی و پنجم

آیا می دانید تفاوت دو جمله ی We've painted the room و We've been painting the room چیست؟ به این مثال ها توجه کنید تا بدانید حال کامل ساده و حال کامل استمراری چگونه در جمله به کار برده می شوند.

  present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
Example

We've painted the bathroom.

She's been training for a half-marathon.

I've had three coffees already today!

They've been waiting for hours.

ما از حال کامل ساده و استمراری (the present perfect simple (have or has + past participle) and the present perfect continuous (have or has + been + -ing form) برای صحبت درباره ی اتفاقاتی در گذشته که در زمان حال ادامه دارند، استفاده می کنیم

فهرست عناوین

تمرکز برروی عمل یا نتیجه (Focusing on result or activity)

حال ساده کامل معمولا برروی نتیجه ی عمل تمرکز می کند و حال ساده استمراری هم برروی خود عمل تمرکز دارد

Focusing on result or activity

Present perfect continuous
حال ساده استمراری

Present perfect simple
حال ساده کامل

Focuses on the activity
تمرکز برروی فعالیت

Focuses on the result
تمرکز برروی نتیجه

I've been gardening. It's so nice out there.
You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!
Says 'how long'
Says 'how many'
She's been reading that book all day.
She's read ten books this summer.

Describes an activity which may continue
فعالیتی را توضیح می دهد که ممکن است ادامه دار باشد

Describes a completed action
عملی کامل شده را توضیح می دهد

I've been writing emails.
I've written you an email.

When we can see evidence of recent activity
در حالی که می توانیم شواهدی از عمل را ببینیم
-

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?
I know, I'm really red. I've been running!
-

عمل و حالات ادامه دار (Ongoing states and actions)

برای صحبت درباره ی حالت های ادامه دار همراه با حال ساده کامل از for, since and how long استفاده می شود.

Ongoing states and actions
Example

We've painted the bathroom.

How long have you known each other?

We've known each other since we were at school.

و از for, since and how long همراه یا حال کامل استمراری برای کارهای که مکرر تکرار می شوند و ادامه دار هستند استفاده می کنیم

Ongoing states and actions
Example

How long have they been playing tennis?

They've been playing tennis for an hour.

They've been playing tennis every Sunday for years.

گاهی اوقات حال کامل استمراری بر این موضوع تاکید دارد که موقعیت موقت است.

I usually go to the gym on the High Street, but it's closed for repairs at the moment so I've been going to the one in the shopping centre.