آموزش گرامر Passives – درس بیست و نهم
چگونگی استفاده از افعال مجهول را می دونید؟ به این مثال ها توجه کنید تا بدانید چگونه یک جمله مجهول می شود.
| Passive |
| Passive |
A lot of olive oil is produced in Italy. |
This book was written by Angela Davis. |
The suspect will be released tomorrow. |
This product has not been tested on animals. |
از افعال مجول برای تغییر تمرکز جمله استفاده می کنیم.
| Passive |
| Passive |
My bike was stolen. (passive – focus on my bike) |
Someone stole my bike. (active – focus on someone) |
به طور معمول در شرایط زیر از جملات passive استفاده می کنیم؟
زمانی که ترجیح می دهیم از فرد یا اقدام اتفاق افتاده صحب نکنیم (for example، it's not known، it's obvious or we don't want to say)، بنابراین ما می توانیم جکلات را با اطلاعات اصلی یا منطقی آغاز کنید و این اتفاق در متن های رسمی و علمی رایج است.
چگونه جمله ی مجهول بنویسیم؟
ما می توانیم با استفاده از the verb be + past participle جمله ی مجهول بنویسیم و جمله را با فاعل آغاز می کنیم.
| جمله مجهول در زبان انگلیسی | ||
| directed by James Cameron | was | Avatar |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| past participle | + be + | Object |
و لازم نیست بنویسید که چه کسی کار را انجام داده است و اتفاق چه بوده.
| جمله مجهول در زبان انگلیسی | ||
| cancelled | is | My flight |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| past participle | + be + | Object |
در جدول زیر جملات مجهول در زمان های مختلف آورده شده است.
| جمله مجهول در زبان انگلیسی | ||
| Structure | Example | Tense |
is/are + past participle | Alioli is made from oil, garlic and salt | Present simple |
| is/are being + past participle | The hall is being painted this week | Present continuous |
| was/were + past participle | John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 | Past simple |
| was/were being + past participle | The signs were being put up last week | Past continuous |
| has/have been + past participle | Oranges have been grown here for centuries | Present perfect |
| had been + past participle | When he got home, he found that his flat had been burgled | Past perfect |
| will be + past participle | The work will be finished next week. | Future simple |
