آیا می دانید از عباراتی مانند They'd finished the project by March or Had you finished work when I called استفاده کنید، به این مثال ها توجه کنید تا بدانید چگونه از گذشته کامل (past perfect) استفاده کنید.
| Past Perfect |
|
He couldn't make a sandwich because he'd forgotten to buy bread. |
The hotel was full, so I was glad that we'd booked in advance. |
My new job wasn't exactly what I’d expected. |
Time up to a point in the past
ما از گذشته ی کامل (had + past participle) برای صحبت درباره ی رسیدن به موقعیتی زمانی در گدشته استفاده می شود
| Time up to a point in the past |
| had + past participle |
She'd published her first poem by the time she was eight. |
We'd finished all the water before we were halfway up the mountain. |
Had the parcel arrived when you called yesterday? |
گذشته ی کامل برای ابتدای دو عمل در گذشته
از گدشته ی کامل برای نشان دادن ترکیب دو اتفاق در گذشته استفاده می شود، گذشته ی کامل عمل اول و گذشته ی ساده عمل بعدی را نشان می دهد.
Past perfect for the earlier of two past actions |
| past perfect |
When the police arrived, the thief had escaped. |
It doesn't matter in which order we say the two events. The following sentence has the same meaning. |
The thief had escaped when the police arrived. |
این نکته را به خار داشته باشید که اگر یک عمل باشد نباید از گذشته ی کامل استفاده کرد حتی اگر عمل در زمانی بسیار دور اتفاق افتاده باشد.
The Romans spoke Latin. (NOT The Romans had spoken Latin.) |
Past perfect with before
می توانیم از گدشته ی کامل همراه با before در جمله استفاده کنیم که نشان می دهد کار زمانی که گذشته ی ساده به وقوع پیوسته است، کامل نبوده.
Past perfect with before |
| past perfect |
They left before I'd spoken to them. |
Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series. |
Adverbs - قیدها
به طور معمول همراه با گدشته ی کامل از قیدهای already (= 'before the specified time'), still (= as previously), just (= 'a very short time before the specified time'), ever (= 'at any time before the specified time') or never (= 'at no time before the specified time') نیز استفاده می کنیم.
| Past Perfect |
| Adverbs |
I called his office but he'd already left. |
It still hadn't rained at the beginning of May. |
I went to visit her when she'd just moved to Berlin. |
It was the most beautiful photo I'd ever seen. |
Had you ever visited London when you moved there? |
I'd never met anyone from California before I met Jim. |