آیا می دانید تفاوت دو جمله ی We've painted the room و We've been painting the room چیست؟ به این مثال ها توجه کنید تا بدانید حال کامل ساده و حال کامل استمراری چگونه در جمله به کار برده می شوند.
| present perfect simple and present perfect continuous |
| Example |
We've painted the bathroom. |
She's been training for a half-marathon. |
I've had three coffees already today! |
They've been waiting for hours. |
ما از حال کامل ساده و استمراری (the present perfect simple (have or has + past participle) and the present perfect continuous (have or has + been + -ing form) برای صحبت درباره ی اتفاقاتی در گذشته که در زمان حال ادامه دارند، استفاده می کنیم
تمرکز برروی عمل یا نتیجه (Focusing on result or activity)
حال ساده کامل معمولا برروی نتیجه ی عمل تمرکز می کند و حال ساده استمراری هم برروی خود عمل تمرکز دارد
| Focusing on result or activity |
Present perfect continuous
حال ساده استمراری | Present perfect simple
حال ساده کامل |
Focuses on the activity
تمرکز برروی فعالیت | Focuses on the result
تمرکز برروی نتیجه |
I've been gardening. It's so nice out there. | You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely! |
Says 'how long' | Says 'how many' |
She's been reading that book all day. | She's read ten books this summer. |
Describes an activity which may continue
فعالیتی را توضیح می دهد که ممکن است ادامه دار باشد | Describes a completed action
عملی کامل شده را توضیح می دهد |
I've been writing emails. | I've written you an email. |
When we can see evidence of recent activity
در حالی که می توانیم شواهدی از عمل را ببینیم | - |
The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?
I know, I'm really red. I've been running! | - |
عمل و حالات ادامه دار (Ongoing states and actions)
برای صحبت درباره ی حالت های ادامه دار همراه با حال ساده کامل از for, since and how long استفاده می شود.
| Ongoing states and actions |
| Example |
We've painted the bathroom. |
How long have you known each other? |
We've known each other since we were at school. |
و از for, since and how long همراه یا حال کامل استمراری برای کارهای که مکرر تکرار می شوند و ادامه دار هستند استفاده می کنیم
| Ongoing states and actions |
| Example |
How long have they been playing tennis? |
They've been playing tennis for an hour. |
They've been playing tennis every Sunday for years. |
گاهی اوقات حال کامل استمراری بر این موضوع تاکید دارد که موقعیت موقت است.
I usually go to the gym on the High Street, but it's closed for repairs at the moment so I've been going to the one in the shopping centre. |