ضمایر و صفات
یکی از مباحث گرامری که در آزمون اس ای تی مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد، مبحث ضمایر و صفات است. شایان ذکر است که از اقسام مختلف ضمایر و صفات شامل ضمایر فاعلی، ضمایر مفعولی، ضمایر ملکی، ضمایر انعکاسی و تاکیدی، ضمایر موصولی، ضمایر مبهم، ضمایر غیر شخصی، ضمایر اشاره، ضمایر استفهامی و صفات ملکی، این آزمون بیشتر به مباحث صفات ملکی و ضمایر موصولی می پردازد.
:Some SAT-Favored Pronoun Types
:Relative Pronouns
An SAT Example for Possessive Adjectives:
Scientists have long known that soot particles facilitate melting by darkening snow and ice, limiting it’s ability to reflect the Sun’s rays.
A) NO CHANGE
B) its
C) there
D) their
Answer: Choice D
'It’s' is the short form of 'it is' which can’t be right in this context as we are dealing with snow and ice’s ability. Hence, we need the possessive form and since our subject) snow and ice) is plural, we have to choose “their” which is the last option.
It’s a clever test due to 2 reasons: Firstly, the possessive forms are mostly associated with “’s”, so most students go for option “A”. Secondly, those who detect the rule, immediately go for “B” hoping to have outsmarted the test. However, what is passed unheeded here is that this is a Subject-Pronoun Agreement test and we always need to look for the real subject of the context.
More Examples of Possessive Adjectives:
1. Because today’s students can expect to hold multiple jobs-some of which may not even exist yet-during our lifetime, studying Philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable.
A) NO CHANGE
B) one’s
C) his or her
D) their
2. A recent study suggests that kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to devour the kelp. Like their terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air.
A) NO CHANGE
B) they’re
C) its
D) it’s
1. D
2. C
An SAT Example for Relative Pronouns:
This may not be much of a problem with certain kinds of apples that are not naturally very fragrant, such as Granny Smith, but for apples that are prized for their fruity fragrance, such as McIntosh, this can be a problem with consumers, that will reject apples lacking the expected aroma.
A) NO CHANGE
B) they
C) which
D) who
Answer: Choice D
It’s a simple item that urges the correct use of the subjective form of a relative pronoun for humans. It can be both “that” and “who”; however, “who” is preferred to “that” for humans.
More Examples of Relative Pronouns:
1. The articles goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by coworking spaces are actually the people whom use them.
A) NO CHANGE
B) whom uses
C) who uses
D) who use
2. Businesses can install light tubes, these are pipes placed in workplace roofs to capture and funnel sunlight down into a building’s interior.
A) NO CHANGE
B) they are
C) which are
D) those being
1. D
2. C
